Mark Crispin Miller examines the advertising world before and after television. With the advent of TV, ads that were once in danger of being ironized by their socio-political surroundings become buffered from the contradictions of the outside world. What results, says Miller, is “an internal policing of the spectacle.” He also discusses the effects of product placement within American films. Miller researches modern propaganda, history and tactics of advertising, and media ownership. He is professor of media studies at New York University and the author of the book: “Fooled Again, How the Right Stole the 2004 Elections.” He is known for his writing on American media and for his activism on behalf of democratic media reform. His other books include “Boxed In: The Culture of TV”, “Seeing Through Movies”, and “Mad Scientists”, a study of war propaganda and is the editor of “Loser Take All: Election Fraud and The Subversion of Democracy, 2000-2008”.